RT Article T1 Islam as a vehicle of protest JF Islamic dilemmas: reformers, nationalists, and industrialization SP 22 OP 48 A1 Waardenburg, Jacques LA English PB Mouton YR 1985 UL https://www.ixtheo.de/Record/1456352598 AB A survey of some currents in recent Arab history in which Islam has clearly served as a vehicle of protest. As is shown, the present revival of Islam exhibits defensive features symptomatic of a struggle for survival. It is argued that once this survival is guaranteed, more creative attitudes may be expected to develop among the Muslim leadership. (DÜI-Asd) SN 311009763X K1 Islam K1 Politische Führung K1 Widerstand K1 Fundamentalismus K1 Islamische Länder/Islamische Welt : Islam : Politische Führung (Gruppe) : Politische Führung (Prozess) : Politischer Widerstand : Religiöser Fundamentalismus K1 Islamische Staaten