RT Article
T1 Russian Modernization in East Anatolia: The Case of Kars
JF Muqarnas
VO 37
IS 1
SP 247
OP 264
A1 Gurallar, Neşe
LA English
PB Brill
YR 2020
UL https://www.ixtheo.de/Record/1735272744
AB On the Armenian border of Turkey, Kars was under the rule of tsarist Russia between the years 1877 and 1917. In this period, Kars was rebuilt with a gridded urban plan and furnished with magnificent churches and other public buildings. This article studies the urban and architectural history of Kars in order to gain a deeper understanding of the complex relations between modernity, Russian colonization, and the memories of the city’s traumatic past. An embryo of modern urban bourgeois life emerged in Kars during the Russian occupation. Symbols of urban modernity—regular street patterns, European-style buildings, public squares, city parks, monuments decorating public spaces, macadamized streets and squares, public spaces lit at night, a vivid cultural life, banks and loans, shops with luxury goods—all came to fruition in Kars at this time, not only to modernize the city, but also to lighten its depressed look.
K1 Kars
K1 Russian colonization
K1 Russian modernization
K1 South Caucasus
K1 military churches
K1 model project for army churches
K1 modernity and city planning
K1 modernity and urbanism
K1 Nineteenth Century
K1 nineteenth-century Russain architecture
K1 tsarist Russia
K1 War memorials
DO 10.1163/22118993-00371P09