RT Article T1 Shi‘ite-perso views towards abusing wine and opium: is it addiction or culture? JF Journal of religious culture A1 Daneshgar, Majid LA English PB Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main YR 2014 UL https://www.ixtheo.de/Record/1780734131 AB In this essay, one of the most serious problems highlighted with respect to contemporary Iranians, who are mostly known as Shi‘ite-Perso (Shi‘ite-Persian) citizens of Iran, and what their view toward abusing wine and opium is. On one hand, the wealthy Persian literature is full of poems, narrations and notes with reference to wine and opium, while on the other hand, many parts of Shi‘ite-Islamic thought deem wine unclean and illegal, and abusing opium is forbidden except under certain [hard-fulfilling] conditions. Hereby, in this essay the aim is to express why the question “are drinking wine and abusing opium known as addiction or literal culture?” is suspended throughout the young Iranian generation. In this regard, the standpoints of Persian poets and Iranian religious figures towards wine and opium will be considered. K1 Addiction K1 Hashish K1 Iran K1 Islam K1 Opium K1 Persian K1 Qur’an K1 Shi‘ite K1 Wine