RT Article
T1 Sexualization of Sharīʿa: Application of Islamic Criminal (Ḥudūd) Laws in Pakistan
JF Islamic law and society
VO 29
IS 3
SP 319
OP 342
A1 Abbasi, Muhammad Zubair 1982-
LA English
PB Brill
YR 2022
UL https://www.ixtheo.de/Record/1813764204
AB In 1979, General Zia ul-Haq promulgated the Hudood Ordinances to provide Islamic punishments for several offenses, but the prosecution for extra-marital sex (zinā) has been disproportionately higher. Based on the analysis of reported judgments, I argue that the higher rate of prosecutions for zinā was a direct result of new laws. Despite carrying the name “Hudood”, these Ordinances specified several taʿzīr offenses with the objective of ensuring prosecutions. By incorporating ḥadd and taʿzīr offenses for zinā, the Zina Ordinance blurred the distinction between consensual sex and rape, and thus exposed victim women, who reported rape, to prosecution for consensual sex. The Qazf Ordinance, which might have curbed the filing of false accusations of zinā, encouraged them by providing the complainants the defense of good faith. The number of zinā cases has decreased after the reform of the Zina Ordinance and the Qazf Ordinance under the Protection of Women Act, 2006.
K1 faith-based application of Islamic law
K1 Patriarchy
K1 consensual sex and rape
K1 sexualization of Islamic criminal law (ḥudūd)
DO 10.1163/15685195-bja10016