RT Article T1 The Protectors of Religion and Community: Traditionalist Muslim Scholars of the Volga-Ural Region at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century JF Journal of the economic and social history of the Orient VO 59 IS 1/2 SP 126 OP 165 A1 Garipova, Rozaliya LA English PB Brill YR 2016 UL https://www.ixtheo.de/Record/1817452215 AB As in many Muslim societies of the twentieth century, the Volga-Ural traditionalist ulama of late imperial Russia were often portrayed as reactionary, backward, and unaware of contemporary changes. While scholars have challenged this dichotomy and begun to address various aspects of traditionalist thought in one way or another, this article aims to understand the ulama’s views on “progress” (taraqqī) and how the ulama dealt with change. I argue that their major concern was the preservation of the traditional integrity of the Muslim community (traditionalism), which consisted of three elements—educational, moralistic and legal—and the differences between their community and Russian society in an era of rapid change. K1 Tatars K1 Muslim reformism (Jadidism) K1 Modernity K1 Traditionalism K1 Ulama K1 Volga-Ural DO 10.1163/15685209-12341395