RT Article
T1 Attitudes towards Religions: The Impact of Being Out of the Religious Group
JF Religions
VO 14
IS 10
A1 Indelicato, Alessandro
A1 Martín, Juan Carlos
LA English
PB MDPI
YR 2023
UL https://www.ixtheo.de/Record/1860830692
AB Religious beliefs are a highly debated topic in the scientific literature. Various authors have approached this issue qualitatively and quantitatively. This study examines the attitudes towards out-religious groups, considering individuals’ socioeconomic characteristics. A new approach is introduced, utilising the Fuzzy-Hybrid TOPSIS method applied to the WZB—Berlin Social Science Center database. Four items that measure the general attitude towards (a) Jews, (b) Christians, (c) Muslims, and (d) atheists, are used, and a synthetic indicator is obtained to represent the individual attitude towards religions of Torah, Koran and Bible followers. Eight countries are analysed, encompassing diverse geographical and cultural backgrounds, including Germany, Cyprus, the United States, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Turkey, and Kenya. The results reveal that Germans are more open towards other religious and non-religious groups, while Lebanese citizens demonstrate the lowest levels. The findings show that Jews are the most tolerant towards other religious groups, whereas Muslims have the lowest attitudes level. Also, individual socioeconomic factors determine the attitudes towards other religious groups, such as age, education, income levels, and experiences of discrimination based on religion.
K1 WZB
K1 Fuzzy-Hybrid TOPSIS
K1 out-religious groups
K1 attitudes towards religions
DO 10.3390/rel14101218