“Russia’s Misfortune Offers Humanitarians a Splendid Opportunity”*: Jesuits, Communism, and the Russian Famine

Using archival documentation, this article discusses the beginning of the first grand international aid mission of the Catholic Church (1922–23), undertaken to assist the starving children of Bolshevik Russia. Under the auspices of the American Relief Administration (ara), the Papal Relief Mission t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Trythall, Marisa Patulli (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Brill 2018
In: Journal of Jesuit studies
Year: 2018, Volume: 5, Issue: 1, Pages: 71-96
IxTheo Classification:KAJ Church history 1914-; recent history
KBK Europe (East)
KCA Monasticism; religious orders
KDB Roman Catholic Church
RK Charity work
Further subjects:B Edmund A. Walsh anti-Communism Papal Relief Mission to Russia American Relief Administration Włodzimierz Ledóchowski Soviets and Holy See agreement humanitarian funds and aids Bolshevik Revolution church and state separation
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Summary:Using archival documentation, this article discusses the beginning of the first grand international aid mission of the Catholic Church (1922–23), undertaken to assist the starving children of Bolshevik Russia. Under the auspices of the American Relief Administration (ara), the Papal Relief Mission to Russia fed approximately 158,000 persons a day. The pivotal figure between American Catholics and the Roman Curia, and subsequently between the Vatican and the Bolsheviks, was Edmund Aloysius Walsh, S.J., founder of the first us school of diplomacy, at Georgetown University. Walsh served as papal emissary in charge of this mission, which, among other duties, entailed liaising with the ara, keeping the Vatican informed, and negotiating with the Bolsheviks regarding the church’s position within a communist society. Walsh’s experience provides a firsthand view of the “Bolshevik world” and insight into the manner in which the Bolshevik Revolution was understood by the Vatican. The actions of the protagonists (Włodzimierz Ledóchowski, Jesuit superior general; Pietro Cardinal Gasparri, Vatican secretary of state; Mgr. Giuseppe Pizzardo, Vatican substitute secretary of state; Col. William Haskell, director of the ara’s Russian Relief Program; Mgr. Lorenzo Lauri, apostolic nuncio to Poland; and Walsh), are revealed through their own words, which show the difficulties encountered within both the Christian and Bolshevik spheres and clarify that common objectives were often shared only in appearance. Notwithstanding the good will that the mission’s success earned for the Vatican, the attempt to establish diplomatic relations was destined to fail, due in large part to the events narrated herein.
ISSN:2214-1332
Contains:In: Journal of Jesuit studies
Persistent identifiers:DOI: 10.1163/22141332-00501005