Dismantling a Monopoly: Jews, Christians, and the Production of Shofarot in Fifteenth-Century Germany

This essay presents a case study from Erfurt (Germany) concerning the production of shofarot (i.e., animal horns blown for ritual purposes, primarily on the Jewish New Year). By the early 1420s, Jews from all over the Holy Roman Empire had been purchasing shofarot from one Christian workshop in Erfu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Lehnertz, Andreas 1982- (Author)
Format: Electronic Article
Language:English
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Published: Brill 2021
In: Medieval encounters
Year: 2021, Volume: 27, Issue: 4/5, Pages: 360-386
Standardized Subjects / Keyword chains:B Erfurt / Christian / Shofar / Production / Monopoly / Mühlhausen, Yôm-Ṭôv ca. 15. Jh. / Letter / Boycott / Call
IxTheo Classification:AD Sociology of religion; religious policy
AX Inter-religious relations
BH Judaism
KBB German language area
ZA Social sciences
ZB Sociology
ZC Politics in general
Further subjects:B crafts
B Yomtov Lipman Mühlhausen
B Ashkenaz
B shofar production
B fifteenth century
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Summary:This essay presents a case study from Erfurt (Germany) concerning the production of shofarot (i.e., animal horns blown for ritual purposes, primarily on the Jewish New Year). By the early 1420s, Jews from all over the Holy Roman Empire had been purchasing shofarot from one Christian workshop in Erfurt that produced these ritual Jewish objects in cooperation with an unnamed Jewish craftsman. At the same time, two Jews from Erfurt were training in this craft, and started to produce shofarot of their own making. One of these Jewish craftsmen claimed that the Christian workshop had been deceiving the Jews for decades by providing improper shofarot made with materials unsuitable for Jewish ritual use. The local rabbi, Yomtov Lipman, exposed this as a scandal, writing letters to the German Jewish communities about the Christian workshop’s fraud and urging them all to buy new shofarot from the new Jewish craftsmen in Erfurt instead. This article will first examine the fraud attributed to the Christian workshop. Then, after analyzing the historical context of Yomtov Lipman’s letter, it will explore the underlying motivations of this rabbi to expose the Christian workshop’s fraud throughout German Jewish communities at this time. I will argue that, while Yomtov Lipman uses halakhic explanations in his letter, his chief motivation in exposing this fraud was to discredit the Christian workshop, create an artificial demand for shofarot, and promote the new Jewish workshop in Erfurt, whose craftsmen the rabbi himself had likely trained in the art of shofar making.
ISSN:1570-0674
Contains:Enthalten in: Medieval encounters
Persistent identifiers:DOI: 10.1163/15700674-12340112